Stem Cell Therapy Essay - 1036 Words

In order to discover the ways for the remedy of diseases, studies in therapeutic approaches have been doing widely and kept increasing at accelerated pace. A lot of research areas had emerged for that purpose including one of the most fascinating and highly active areas at present, stem cells therapies. Due to self-renewal property and differentiation capability of stem cell, it becomes a new hope in modern treatment. The first successful case of stem cell therapy in human was reported in 1959. Bone marrow restorations were observed in leukemia patients who received total body irradiation subsequent by intravenous injection of their twins’ bone marrow (Thomas et al, 1957). Nevertheless, that effect was transient and the following bone†¦show more content†¦However, this problem could be minimized in nonmalignant patients by using autologous transplantation. Cell contamination is another risk factor in stem cell therapies that should be concerned. Since stem cells are human-derived products, contamination could occur at any steps in process. Start from stem cell sources or donors, they might carry viruses, parasites or diseases that can infect patients after transplantation. So, donor screening tests and assessment need to be performed (Sacchi et al, 2008). Medical and familial histories of donors are also essential and should be scrutinized in order to avoid getting stem cells from someone that might transmit congenital defect, autoimmunity or malignant disease to the patient (Niederwieser et al, 2004). Harvesting and culturing of stem cells are the processes that might have caused the microbial contamination as well, thus, sterile technique must be cautiously conducted during those steps. Up till now, bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cells transplantation has been proofed to cure many diseases such as aplastic anemia, acute and chronic leukemia, and severe thalassemia with low complications inShow MoreRelatedCell Research : Stem Cell Therapy1095 Words   |  5 Pagestime I heard about stem cell research, but I remember when it first stood out to me was when quarterback Peyton Manning went over to Europe to get stem cell therapy done on his neck to prevent him from getting surgery done. Stem cells offer much hope for medical advancement because of their ability to grow into almost any kind of cell. Stem cells are crucial to develop organisms. They are non-specialized cells which have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the bodyRead MoreThe Stem Cell Therapy ( Iusct )1641 Words   |  7 PagesIntrauterine stem cell therapy (IUSCT) refers to treatment of a variety of fetal genetic disorders thought transplantation of either allogenic or genetically modified autologous stem cells. Stem cells become incorporated into the recipient tissue to start proliferation and differentiation through their pluripotent or multipotent potential to compensate for the missing or defective protein. This could be useful in treating fetal genetic disorders which are considered to be perinatally lethal or associatedRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Therapy1547 Words   |  7 Pages Research on stem cells has indicated new possible therapies and treatment for people with conditions that were once considered terminal. Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer s disease, and multiple sclerosis are a few of the many diseases that stem cells might be able to treat. Stem cells have the capability to repair heart muscle and neural tissues, improving the overall prognosis of the patient. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and mesenchymal stem cell therapy have shown promisingRead MoreThe Treatment Of Stem Cell Therapy1281 Words   |  6 PagesStem cell therapy, also known as regenerative medication, has been an increasingly utilized therapy in recent years. The cells added to the body interact with the surrounding body, making the regenerative process available to begin the healing process of the cells at the site (R. (2014)). These therapies are used to heal common sport injuries such as a knee injury, diseases, arthritis, and many other crippling effects that may occur in the human body (R. (2014)). Many of the stem cells t hat are usedRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Therapy1450 Words   |  6 Pagesothers in need. Stem cell therapy is one of the new therapies that are used to treat a disease or prevent it. Bone marrow transplants are one type of therapy that has been used for the treatment of leukemia for a while now. 1,6Stem cell therapy is used to replace damaged, diseased, or malfunctioning cells anywhere in the body with healthy cells. When a stem cell is introduced to a specific part of the body, that stem cell receives signals that tell it how to mimic the other cells around it. OneRead More Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes, or fully named Diabetes Mellitus is when a person has high blood sugar and that is cause by the lack of insulin produced by the pancreas or it is when the cells do not respond to the insulin produced, it is also according to the type of diabetes that the cause may be different from others. There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and 2. Type 2 diabetes is mostly common found in adults, to reduce the glucose level, the subject can change diet or have a lot of exercise or if that doesn’t workRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Therapy1511 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Stem cells are homogeneous cells found in the human body which have potential to change into, or differentiate into a range of specific types of cells (Stoppler, 1996). The refurbishment and protection of many adult tissues are safeguarded by stem cells (SCs) which exist in the top of the cellular sorting section of these tissues (Beck, 2013). Practical assessments, such as transplantation, in vitro clonogenic assesses (technique used to study efficacy of exact agents in terms of theRead MoreStem Cell Therapy Project Essay examples678 Words   |  3 PagesINVESTIGATING BIOTECHNOLOGY Stem Cell Therapy Project Stem Cell Therapy Definition Stem cell therapy is the use of a person’s own stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. A form of stem cell therapy that has been used for many years is bone marrow transplants. Application 1. Medical Uses Bone-marrow has been used to treat patients with cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma. This is the most common form of stem cell therapy and has been used for over 30 years. ChemotherapyRead MoreStem Cell Therapy for Heart Failure Essay918 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloped the uses of stem cell therapy to heal the damage caused by heart attack. This therapy is still at the trial stage where they examined the safety of treating scars and cardiac tissue damage using stem cells. Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Failure This therapy is said to be a promising therapy for heart failure patients as stem cell therapy uses stem cell derived from the patient and thereby it is not at risk of being rejected from the body immune system. Several stem cell therapy researches haveRead MoreStem Cell Therapy For Treat Colon Cancer2007 Words   |  9 PagesSTEM CELL THERAPY TO TREAT COLON CANCER By: KINJAL SHAH â€Æ' STEM CELL THERAPY TO TREAT COLON CANCER ABSTRACT: Cancer is one of the top life-threatening diseases, accounting for an estimated one in four human deaths in all age groups. Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Despite improved treatment models, many tumors remain unresponsive to traditional therapy. The major obstacle to the development of effective cancer therapy is believed to

01 - 3513 Words

otI5j2faubUThFn4 Ads by The weDownload ManagerAd Options User: SHIRLENIA SCOTT In Course: Chemistry I V10 ( 3065) Instructor: Ms. Betty Cheng Exam: 01.01 Module One Pre-assessment 42 Score: 22 of 53 points This does not include 1 essays which have not been graded that account for 1 points of the maximum possible score of 53. Instructions: At this time, please take the Module 01: Pretest. This pretest assesses your current knowledge of the material covered in this module. Based on your pretest performance, you may be eligible to exempt assignments. Your instructor will communicate your eligibility once the pretest has been graded. Answer Key Top of Form Question 1 (Worth 1 points) [01.02]A body of knowledge and the process of†¦show more content†¦The results are considered more reliable because they were documented by multiple sources. The scientific community will vote on the name of the theory in order to make things fair. The results are automatically considered a law because they were proven by two different groups. Points earned on this question: 0 Question 15 (Worth 1 points) [01.03]Sue conducts a series of experiments to investigate the effects of UV radiation on bacteria growth. In order to verify and strengthen her findings, she asks another scientist to conduct the same experiments in an independent investigation. The results of the second investigation are expected to be similar because the same procedure is followed in each investigation. different because they are being conducted by a different scientist. similar because the second scientist will make sure the results match. different because the scientists are in competition. Points earned on this question: 1 Question 16 (Worth 1 points) [01.03]Tyrese is in a hardware store. He hears a large crash and turns toward the noise. He sees a toddler walking by an overturned cart. Tyrese states that the toddler knocked over the cart.† His statement is an inference because he did not observe the cause of the crash. an inference because he blamed it on someone else. an observation because he saw the cause of the crash. an observation because he heard the cart turn over. Points earned on thisShow MoreRelatedThe Cherry Lady 011063 Words   |  5 Pages1. Identify the most critical issues that confront The Cherry Lady, now and in the future. Why have these issues arisen or likely to arise and what are the implications? There are several critical issues the Cherry Lady is confronting right now. All have direct implications on further strategy to grow. Alicia needs to decide on the strategy she wants to follow. Either she will continue to run her business steadily, while having the same problems and rather slow development result or she will dareRead MoreFap Chapter 011161 Words   |  5 PagesYour Results: | The correct answer for each question is indicated by a . | ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form | 1 INCORRECT | | Which one of the following users of accounting information is considered to be an external user of accounting information rather than an internal user of accounting information? | | | A) | Internal auditors. | | | B) | Company managers. | | | C) | Company customers. | | | D) | Officers and directors. | | | E)Read MoreB120 TMA 01 Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesTo: Patricia Lodge From: Sue Gill Contents Part 1(a) Part (b) SWOT analysis Part (c) Part 2 Part 1 (a) I have decided to use section 6 of the study session in book 1. From my research of the Lodge Bistro I have found the following problems within the company. 1) An annual meeting at HQ, instead of regular financial reports and audits. As Patricia has given cafà © managers autonomy to manage their bistro, she computerised the financial report system and audit visits have beenRead MoreUnit 519 (01)Complaints2439 Words   |  10 PagesOptional Unit Questions Unit 519 (01) Develop procedures and practice to respond to concerns and complaints Assessment Questions 1. Learning Outcomes 1.1 and 1.2 a) Identify the regulatory requirements, codes of practice and relevant guidance for managing concerns and complaints in your area of work. b) Analyse how each one affects service provision. The Local Authority. Social Services and National Service Complaints (England) amendment Regulations 2009. came into effect in AprilRead MoreSemester 01 2015 Workbook4009 Words   |  17 PagesMarch 2015 Week Five Commencing 30 March 2015 Mid Semester Break Week Six Commencing 13 April 2015 Week Seven 20 April 2015 Week Eight 27 April 2015 Week Nine 04 May 2015 Week Ten 11 May 2015 Week Eleven 18 May 2015 Week Twelve 25 May 2015 Week Thirteen 01 June 2015 Activity Required Reading L1 - What is strategy? Chapter 1 L2 - Creating value Chapter 2 L3 - The external environment Chapter 3 L4 - Organisational resources and capabilities Chapter 4 L5 - Measuring strategic organisational performanceRead MoreBSBMKG515A Assessment Task 01 Mod4620 Words   |  19 Pagesmarketing programs. It is important to accomplish each one on time, and on budget. Milestones Advertising Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department Marketing plan completion 1/01/2009 2/01/2009 $0 Mario Department Banner ad campaign #1 1/02/2009 4/01/2009 $3,754 Mario Department Banner ad campaign #2 1/10/2009 1/01/2009 $4,900 Mario Department Total Advertising Budget $8,654 PR Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department Other $0 Other $0 Total PR Budget $0 Direct MarketingRead MoreHU245-01 Unit 9 Essay803 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Final Project HU245-01 Unit 9 This semester’s ethics course has been an interesting experience for me to say the least. It has really opened up my eyes to ways of thinking that I have not had before. As I learned more in class I sought out more information on some of the concepts, which we read about. Now as I watch the news I find myself analyzing the ethical situations and sometimes trying to figure out what my ethical stance would be. As the government shutdown isRead MoreDavid Sm14 Ppt 01 Chap011556 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 1 The Nature of Strategic Management Strategic Management: Concepts Cases 14th Edition Fred David Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -1 Learning Outcomes ï  ® ï  ® ï  ® ï  ® ï  ® ï  ® ï  ® ï  ® Describe the strategic-management process Discuss the three stages in strategic management process (strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation activities) Explain the need for integrating analysis and intuition in strategic management Define the key terms in strategicRead MoreNotes On Dance Appreciation Da 101-011152 Words   |  5 PagesMY THINH CAO November 7, 2014 Dance Appreciation DA-101-01 Reading Response 3 Prof. Catherine Baggs Jazz and Tap Dance There are various types of dances. However, in many forms, tap and jazz dances are very popular because they include diversified styles. In the 19th century, these dancers began to form and develop in the United States. Unlike the other dances, tap dance and jazz dance are blended from different dance forms. They are considered as the arts, and reflect American cultures as wellRead MoreTMA 01 B100 introduction to buisness2060 Words   |  9 Pages B120 EMA EMA CONTENT Page No. Question 1 1 Question 2 2-4 Question 5 4-6 Question 1 Part (a) This analysis can be applied to Bremont as such, Strengths As far as marketing is concerned Bremont , have already cut out into the with the brand itself has already reaching international

Municipal Waste Collection Services †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Municipal Waste Collection Services. Answer: Introduction: Glencore's Oaky North Mine is located in central Queensland, Australia. The mine consists of a coal presentation plant and two underground operations plant. Glencores Oaky North mine is facing some tough challenges recently. The worker of the Glencore Oaky North mine is protesting for having a work environment that is safer for their daily operations (Craig et al., 2016). According to the workers, Glencore is trying to bring a new agreement that is favoring a cheaper, contract labor. The dispute has caused due to casualising the employees. The protest is going for over 88 days and the 190 workers are involved in this protest (Mcllroy, 2016). On May 10th, the workers of the organisation started this protest and on June 9th Glencore decided to lockout their employee without pay giving them the reason that protest is affecting the man-hours. Glencore continued its production by using the contractors in their organisation. The protest is not only affecting the workers and the organisatio n but it is also affecting the families of the workers. The main issue of the organisation is the lack of communication between the employee and the organisation (Gallois Giles, 2015). Glencore has stated that the organization is trying to create a flexible, modern and streamlined EA to have a modern working environment. A meeting was also held between the union representatives and the Glencores representation but according to Mr.Brodsky, Queensland District Vice President of the Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU) Mining and Energy Division, two sides clearly disagreed about the revised remuneration that Glencore have offered (Industry, 2015). He also added that they mainly disagreed on three issues, dispute procedure, workplace representation, severance and retrenchment (Marsden, 2013). No further dates have been selected for meeting but they have agreed for email communication. Unions are groups of workers aims at improving the working condition as well as to promote the common needs of the workers (Kaufman Bennett, 2017). The issue is mainly related to safety and pay scale of the union. The new enterprise agreement contains some of the clause that the unions are not satisfied. Mining plants are very dangerous and proper safety guidelinesare not maintained in Glencores mine. There are a number of cases where accidents happened due to the lack of safety measures taken by the organization (Akgun, 2015). This will also affect the shareholders of Glencore's Oaky North Mine. If the pay scale of the employee is low then the employee will not show any interest on the organization. The union members are protesting against the lack of safety measures taken by the organization. The organization should emphasize more on the safety of the workers, unsafe workplace will not only harm the workers but it will also decrease the production of the worker (Geng Saleh, 2015) . Unitarism is a theory that follows a centralized and unified system (Cullinane Dundon, 2014). Unitarism describes that every workplace should be integrated and at the same time, it should have harmonious entity that exists for common goal. In unitarism the main role of the management is to provide an effective leadership and communication. In a unitarised organization, the workers need to be loyal towards their organization as well as to their managers to achieve a common goal in the organization. In Glencore, the unitarism is lacking the leadership of the management is weak and the employees are not loyal to the organization. Glencore's Oaky North Mine is facing many issues recently and all these issues were created by the new changes in the employee agreement. Unions are not happy with the new changes that the management is bringing in the organization. Glencore's Oaky North Mine wants to create a flexible and modern agreement that will help them to achieve a modern work environment, but according to the workers the organization is favoring a cheaper, contract labor. The dispute is happening due to casualising the employees. New employee agreement has also increased the attrition rate of the organization. More than 190 employees have been protesting for about 88 days. The initial negotiation regarding the agreement started on May 10 and on June 9, Glencore decided to lockout the employees without any pay. Glencore stated that they have taken this step because protesting was costing them a lot of time. The dispute took this massive image due to the following result: Glencore management rejected the proposal of the workers for two years with a 0% increase in pay scale. Glencore tried to stop the workers from legal and peaceful meeting at the front gate of the mines and forced them to reinstate the picket line in the magistrates court. The organization rejected 50% working condition that was in the agreement, which was voted by 99% of the workers of Gelncore Okay mine. The employee relationship is one of the vital factors in the management. A good employee relationship results in better workplace environment for the worker. The employee relationship will help in greater production and will help in improving the relationship between the employee and the management, which will decrease the level of conflict between the employee and the management. Employee relationship is based on understanding the problem of the employee and solving those problems accordingly, which helps in retaining the employee in the organization. The employee relationship in Glencore is not so good between the unions and the management. The unions are not very happy with the new employee agreement. The new employee agreement failed to meet the proper requirements of increasing pay scale, good working environment and standard safety measures. According to reports Glencores revenue have increased from 1.77 billion US dollar to 3.1billion US dollar in the last year but there has b een no rise in the pay scale of the employee. The issue that Glencore is facing can have a huge effect in the Organizations operation. This will affect the employee relationship in the following ways: Conflict: The issue that raised in Glencore will increase conflicts between the union and the management, which will decrease the time of operation and eventually will lead to decrease in production. This will adversely affect the growth of the organization. Glencore will lose a lot of market share if the issue is not solved quickly. This will also raise question on the management of Glencore. Increase labor turnover: It will increase the labor turnover ratio. Labor is described as the proportion of the employee or workers that leave the organization in a particular year. Glencores new employee agreement will result in increased labor turnover (Bothma Roodt, 2013). The issues will have following implication on the social, economical, legal, and political and ethical. Social: The issue will result into increased labor turnover that means a lot of employee either will get a job or will be unemployed. Most of the employee will look for a new job. This will increase the demand for workers in the market to replace the workers who are leaving the organization (Berkman et al., 2014). Economic: This economy is highly dependent on the revenue earned from the coalmines in Australia. The lockout by the Glencore will result in to low revenue collection and it will decrease the production of the organization. This will hugely affect the financial growth of the county. Glencore is one of the largest coalmines in Australia and is one of the main sources of revenue in the Australian economy. Loss in the Glencores Oaky North coalmine will also affect the Australian economy. Legal: This will change many rules and regulations of how the organization works. This will affect the employees safety guidelines and will affect many other laws related to the coalmine. Political: This will affect the present political body to change its rules and bring some new rules so that the loss in the coalmine does not affect the economy. The political leaders have to bring proper solution so that the issue can be minimized (Plata et al., 2014). Ethical: This will also affect the ethics of the environment. The employee will not be more focused on the environment goals (Shahis Zain, 2018). The employee will not be motivated towards working hard and this will affect the production of the company (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). Glencore Oaky mine is under huge problem due to the protest by the Unions of the coalmine. Glencore has decided to lockout due to the wastage of man-hour. The dispute happened in the organization due to some certain reasons. The new employment agreement does not fulfill the demands of the employee. Glencore have not increased their pay, which was applied by the union members for two years. The safety standards of the Glencore coalmine are not up to the mark. The working environment of the Glencore coal mine is also not suitable for the workers. These have raised a protest against the Glencore Oaky coalmine. 190 men have been lockout for 88 days, which is not only affecting the organization but it also affecting the families of the workers. These are also having a huge impact in the social, economical, legal, and political environment. Being one of the most important coalmine in the country and also one of the largest provider of employment in Australia, Glencore coal mine should work on solving the issues with the unions. Glencore should consider the needs of the union and bring some new agreements, which will also satisfy the needs of the unions. They should consider the pay scale as Glencore has a increased its revenue significantly (Capital, 2016). The communication between the employee and the management should be improved and the management should clear out all the new changes in the employee agreement. If the organization is trying to bring change and try to apply modernize its operations then they should properly discuss with the union head so that it reduces the conflict between the workers and the management. References: Akgn, M. (2015). Coal mine accidents.Turkish thoracic journal,16(Suppl 1), S1. Bothma, C. F., Roodt, G. (2013). The validation of the turnover intention scale.SA Journal of Human Resource Management,11(1), 1-12. Craig, P., Serkan, S., Hagan, P., Hebblewhite, B., Vandermaat, D., Crosky, A., Elias, E. (2016). Investigations into the corrosive environments contributing to premature failure of Australian coal mine rock bolts.International journal of mining science and technology,26(1), 59-64. Cullinane, N., Dundon, T. (2014). Unitarism and employer resistance to trade unionism.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(18), 2573-2590. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Gallois, C., Giles, H. (2015). Communication accommodation theory.The international encyclopedia of language and social interaction. Geng, F., Saleh, J. H. (2015). Challenging the emerging narrative: Critical examination of coalmining safety in China, and recommendations for tackling mining hazards.Safety science,75, 36-48. Geng, F., Saleh, J. H. (2015). Challenging the emerging narrative: Critical examination of coalmining safety in China, and recommendations for tackling mining hazards.Safety science,75, 36-48. Industry, C. (2015). Cbus, Senate Standing Committee on Economics Insolvency in the Australian construction industry Cbus (United Super Pty Ltd) Submission (April 2015). CFMEU.Senate Economics References Committee Insolvency in the Australian Construction Industry-Submission by the Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union,1. Kaufman, B. E., Bennett, J. T. (2017). What do unions do? A twenty-year perspective. InWhat Do Unions Do?(pp. 9-19). Routledge. Marsden, D. (2013). Individual voice in employment relationships: a comparison under different forms of workplace representation.Industrial relations: a journal of economy and society,52(s1), 221-258. McIlroy, J. (2016). Police break up anti-WestConnex protest camp.Green Left Weekly, (1112), 3. Plata-Daz, A. M., Zafra-Gmez, J. L., Prez-Lpez, G., Lpez-Hernndez, A. M. (2014). Alternative management structures for municipal waste collection services: The influence of economic and political factors.Waste Management,34(11), 1967-1976. Shahid, S., Zain, Z. (2018). Factors Affecting Ethical Leadership and Employee Affective Organizational Commitment: An Empirical Study.World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering,5(1), 120-122.

Early Methods of Arts

Question: Discuss about the Early Methods of Arts . Answer: Part 1 The early childhood developers emphasize on two very important things, those are their knowledge about childhood development, and the second is the maturational theories (Sharp 2016). The skills and the ability development of the child depends on the culture that surrounds the child, the experience the child gains and at the same time it is being influenced by the responsive role that is being played by the adults. The Reggio Emilia approach is such an approach that helps in the development of the child, during the early childhood period (Mazzini, Cerullo, Mazzi and Costantini 2016). The particular approach is more an educational philosophy than educational phenomena. A schoolteacher, Loris Malaguzzi after the world war, developed the approach (Wright 2016). The parents of the children and Loris Malaguzzi thought that there should be a new way of learning for the children. In this particular approach, the children are taught the usage of symbolic language in everydays life. The symbo lic language includes things like painting, drama and even sculpting (Adams 2016). The Reggio Emilia approach is not only an innovative approach but at the same time, it is an inspiring approach for those students who are belonging to their early childhood. Thus, this particular approach is used mostly in the pre-schools, where the, educators encourage the students so that they could easily be engaged in the extended project (Wien 2015). The particular approach use drawing, as a graphical language, through drawings the children not only record their ideas but at the same time they record their observation as well as their feelings. The Reggio settings have lots of open space, designed in such a way that could be utilized by the children, to explore different languages (An Everyday Story 2016). The Reggio approach is helpful for the child because through this approach the child could construct his/her own learning. The environment in this particular system of education play an important role because the nature or the environment provides a large space for the children where they had a chance to delve deeper and know and could explore their interest at the same time. The space provides the children with an opportunity, so that they could have collaboration with other children, where they could develop a communication of their own (Lines, Naughton, Roder, Matapo, Whyte. and Liao, 2014). Drawing, sculpting and painting in the Reggio Emilia approach is the representation of the visual thoughts and the expression of the child. Through these forms of art, the child not only discovers its self but at the same time, the adult could have, the visual image of the thought, of the child. The other forms of art such as pretend play, dance, music, and modelling help the child in discovering different languages that the child should not only be aware of but at the same time he/she should be able to nurture and value it as well. The forms of each kind of art, helps the child to all those symbolic languages that are there around them. Another way of teaching the children in this particular method is to provide emphasis on the hands-on discovery. (Figure 1: The Student in a Reggio Emilia Approach Learn Through Different Art Forms Source: An Everyday Story. 2016). Part 2 The art can be utilized in different form in a particular module, to help the children to learn different things, including language. One such module is being presented here, where different art form can be used to help the student to learn a particular language, such as English. The module that would be discussed here, includes, not only the different form of arts that would be used but at the same time it would mention different kind of resources that are required to execute that particular thing. In this case, the module will help the student to learn the English language through different type of art form. The Art Form Used Resources Required Drama Props, in case of a small skid, things like cloths, chair and table would be sufficient. Short Stories Books containing short stories written by different authors. Books with illustrations would be more appealing to the children. Poems and Songs Books, where there are the poems and the poems can be learn by listening. Audio player could help in playing both the songs and a poem that is being recited by someone; it would be appealing to the children. Video player can be used as well, if any particular song or poem has visual graphics. The particular form of module is most appropriate for the students of the age of 2 to 3 years, since audio and visual media has been used here. According to most of the educators the children, who are below the age of 2 years they should not be exposed to any kind of audio or visual media, they believe that these kinds of media actually affect the children below 2 years of age very badly (Mednick 2016). Another form of art, that is the stories, can be used to help the children to learn and at the same time, it would help in developing the imaginative and the creative quality of the children as well. The personal style of the teacher helps the students in the learning process. During the pre-school stage, the students or the children are selfish and they grab the toys of the others, because they want that. Therefore, it is important that the students should be given a space where they could easily socialize; understand those values that are important in a society or in a community. Therefore, the students in the pre-school should involve i different art form and develop these qualities and the teachers should help the children in the process. Thus, the module here shows how the students could develop different kind of valuable quality in the pre-school stage. The Students of the Age 4 to 6 Years: The particular age group is very important for the educators, since during this time the brain of a child is not only developed rather it is over developed at the same time (Smith, 2016). During this particular stage, the students could be taught many things, and different kinds of games could help the student in that process . The teachers could create imaginative situation for the student and should ask the students or the children to carry on with their games. The teacher could also integrate themes in the game and make it interesting for the student. The particular method, give emphasis mostly to the human resource and that is the teacher, who carries out the whole process. The other important resource can be the nature or the environment, resources like balls, could be used as well. The Student of the Age 3 to 5 Years: The children belonging to the age group of 3 to 5 years requires those exercises, which would help in developing their motor movement. In such a time, art form like drawing and sculpture could be very helpful for the children (Hine 2016). The children would have to move a lot if they are drawing on a large sheet of paper or even on the walls. In case of sculpture, also, things are same, and while making a sculpture, the child moves his/her hands, the body parts a lot, and therefore, it helps in developing the body parts. For this particular integration of art form, the things that are required include, drawing papers, colours, of different kind and even the clay. Therefore, the three different modules show the usage of various kinds of art form, for the overall development of the child in his/her early childhood years. References Adams, D., Onibokum, Y., Rowell, G., Staples, J. and Synodi, M. (2016). A GUIDE TO EARLY CHILDHOOD PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT. 1st ed. An Everyday Story. (2016). What is the Reggio Emilia Approach? | An Everyday Story. Hine, C. (2016). Earlychildhood NEWS - Article Reading Center. Earlychildhoodnews.com. Lines, D., Naughton, C., Roder, J., Matapo, J., Whyte, M. and Liao, T., 2014. Move, Act, Play, Sing (MAPS): Exploring Early Childhood Arts Teaching and Learning Strategies and Concepts through Community Arts Interventions. Teaching and Learning Research Initiative. Mazzini, E., Cerullo, L., Mazzi, G. and Costantini, M., 2016. The experience of accreditation of the Reggio Emilia Research Hospital with the OECI model. Tumori, 101, pp.0-0. Mednick, F. (2016). OpenStax CNX. Cnx.org. Sharp, C. (2016). Developing Young Childrens Creativity Through the Arts: What Does Research Have to Offer?. 1st ed. Smith, R. (2016). Educational Leadership. 1st ed. Wien, C.A., 2015. Emergent curriculum in the primary classroom: Interpreting the Reggio Emilia approach in schools. Teachers College Press. Wright, S. (2016). Why Art is Important for Young Children | Education.com. Education.com.

Female Delinquency Essays - Criminology, Juvenile Delinquency

Female Delinquency One of the most important issues in crime today is Juvenile Delinquency. It is too often the cause that people see it as something ?new? and a problem that needs to be dealt with by today's society. Female delinquency is and has been rapidly increasing in the past few years. In Girls, Delinquency, and Juvenile Justice, Lind and Shelden give an overview of juvenile delinquency among females. To fully understand the question of who, where, when, how, and why females are delinquent, it is necessary to first understand the nature of female delinquency. To comprehend the entire study of female delinquency, it is also imperative to become acquainted with the theories why females commit such delinquencies and crimes. Also, to understand the way of life and the delinquent acts of females. Females are also involved in the subculture of gangs. And what happens when these females become part of the juvenile justice system? When females are arrested for their involvement of delinquent acts they enter the justice system, but what are the courts doing to endure that these young women receive the appropriate sentencing? If sent to a detention center exactly where are they going and what goes on there? Lind and Shelden interviewed a sample of incarcerated females about their experience as female delinquents. An overview of the study of female delinquency will be discussed using the works of Lind and Shelden as a secondary source data and it will conclude whether females that have been part of the justice system are now integrated into our society as law-abiding citizens. Society often overlooks at the reasons why young females commit crimes and delinquent acts. It is necessary that we take a look at the nature of female delinquency to better understand what has driven these young women to commit delinquent acts. The majority of girls that become delinquent are shaped by problems that they face in today's society. Such problems include, little power given to women, few jobs options, and fewer civil rights in comparison to men, and not to mention the root of the problem which in most cases is their home. The majority of these females come from low-income and broken homes where they are often raised by a single parent. The most common type of crimes committed by female delinquents is larceny-theft, better known as ?shoplifting.? According to Morris, females are more often detected by store personnel because it is excepted that women tend to shoplift more than men, and therefore are watched more closely. An explanation for shoplifting (Morris) is a ?subconscious motives (kleptomania), depression or poverty. Temptation is another reason why girls shoplift, they believe that popularity is tied with physical appearance and the participation in fashion and fads. This is especially true in teenage girls from poor families because these teens feel that they need to be part of the teenage subculture in order to fit in at school and among their peers. The status offenses that are most committed by young females are running away and curfew violations, but with these minor acts come major consequences which sometimes it includes prostitution. Statistics estimate that over one million youths under the age of eighteen run away from homes each year and an estimated million leave ?by mutual consent? or are ?throwaways? (Roberts, 1987:xi). Most of the youths that run away remain within ten miles from home and at least sixty-percent return home within three days. Some of the reasons why these females leave their home is in flight from sexual victimization that occurs in the home. Other run away girls leave their home because they are rebellious and are often drop-outs that tend to be angry and they are alienated from their parents. An estimated 600,000 prostitute girls are under the age of sixteen and they majority of these girls have been run aways. The abuse of these girls often continues from abusive pimps and customers . Theories of female delinquency date back to the first scholarly ?father? of criminology Caesar Lombroso. According to Lombroso, all criminal behavior could be explained as the behavior of ?biological throwbacks? and criminals were often seen as a less highly evolved normal, law-abiding citizen. In the works of Lombroso, one could find a book filled with figures of women's weights, measurement of their lower jaws, brains, eyes, noses, craniums, and hands. Lombroso concluded that ?females were congenitally less inclined toward crime than males because of their sedentary nature and their biological roles as caretakers of children.? But when

Humanities Nuclear War by Kahns On Thermonuclear War and Kubricks Dr. Strangelove

Humanities Nuclear War by Kahns On Thermonuclear War and Kubricks Dr. Strangelove Nuclear war is the issue that has been discussed for a long period of time by a number of writers and researchers. It is not always easy to give a clear definition whether nuclear war is a pure negative or a pure positive aspect in human life, this is why it is always interesting to offer new ideas and introduce some captivating perspectives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Humanities: Nuclear War by Kahn’s On Thermonuclear War and Kubrick’s Dr. Strangelove specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, the two works by different people will be analyzed in this paper to comprehend how nuclear war may influence the society. Herman Khan was an American futurist who promoted a lot the nuclear strategy that was spread in the United States of America. His On Thermonuclear is one of the most powerful books where the author makes an attempt to describe and evaluate the nature of nuclear war and its importance . Another powerful work is created by Stanley Kubrick; it is the movie Dr. Strangelove where the idea of nuclear war is perfectly satirized from a variety of perspectives. These two authors even cooperated to introduce one powerful and effective idea, still, their standpoints seem to be rather different as the movie introduces the nuclear war as something absurd, and the book aims at describing the war as something inevitable and not as dangerous as many people usually think. On Thermonuclear is the story about nuclear war and its possible effects on the society and the existing balance of power. In this book, the author underlines the fact that nuclear war is something that people could be ready for; still, when the time to experience the effects of the war comes, it turns out to be that people are not actually ready for such danger. Of course, society may recuperate after the war is over, however, it is so difficult to predict the outcomes and be sure about the true nature of war. The most powerful issue in the book is probably author’s argument that this type of war may be unwinnable for people still possible. Though the book does not aim to promote the war, a number of critics accept such message as a kind of threat to society and social inability to control the events. The author wants to prove that people’s possibilities are great indeed, however, they are not always powerful to gain the desired control. In his turn, Dr. Strangelove introduces another point of view where he admits that nuclear war is of accidental character and is considered to be a type of failure of deterrence. In spite of the possibility to explain that nuclear war does not have any positive outcomes and characteristic, this character tries to justify the creation of nuclear weapon and the necessity for the countries to have it in the arsenal. In comparison to Khan, Dr. Strangelove understands that it is not always possible to control nuclear war, that the results will b e dramatic for people, and that society should take more care of the conditions under which weapons are created and stored.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In general, the positions of both authors are clear enough: it is not right to promote the idea of nuclear war, still, the activities of government in different countries seem to be that terrible truth that bother many people. There are no people who want to develop nuclear war, and each country tries to take the position with the help of which its citizens will be in safe; however, if someone makes a decision to start such kind of war, the vast majority of countries will be ready to use their nuclear weapon even without knowing how to use it properly. It is a comic as well as tragic situation that proves one thing: human possibilities are amazing, still, more control is required to benefit from these possibi lities and knowledge.

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Communication - Essay Example Time of communication is also a very important factor. Distortion of facts and information can be a huge deterrent to effective communication. Eye contact, gestures, movement, posture, and written communication all comprise effective non verbal communication. Good eye contact helps credibility of the message. People rely on visual clues to help them decide on whether to attend to a message or not. If they find that someone isnt looking at them when they are being spoken to, they feel uneasy. This can be achieved by slowly scanning the entire audience, focusing on particular areas of the audience and looking at individual members of the audience for about five seconds per person. Breaking eye-to-eye contact down to four or five second chunks often aids effective communication. Most of people when talking, use hands and face to help describe an event or object—powerful nonverbal aids. It should be ensured that any movement made is meaningful. Body posture also aids or mars communication. A strong, upright, positive body posture not only helps breathing easier (good for helping to calm nerves!) but also transmits a message of authority, confidence, trust and power. One can achieve great body posture but without internal mental and emotional posture the words will sound hollow to your audience. Nowadays email has become an effective way of communicating but one has to remember certain unwritten rules. Emails without subjects or irrelevant subjects seem to be about nothing and will naturally hamper communication without even beginning it. Incorrect grammar and spellings will also severely hamper communication since people will question the caliber of the communicator. E-mail makes everything easier and faster including making a powerful business impression and establishing positive professional

Rochester Manufacturing Corparation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rochester Manufacturing Corparation - Case Study Example The firm believes that 30% of the people use a good estimate of products suitable for the FMS. This provides a good incentive for moving ahead with the FMS now. The 30% is viewed to fit very nicely into a â€Å"family†. Moving ahead with the FMS, it is also viewed to reduce the variety. The traditional numerically controlled machine has a high variety. Therefore, moving ahead with the FMS now will be associated with a reduction because of higher utilization in the number of pieces of the machinery. In addition, the resources are scarce and hence proper utilization should be enhanced. By utilizing the resources, the profits will also be utilized. In return, the production will be increased if the variety is utilized (Khanna, 2007). The main objective of any firm is profit maximization and cost minimization. If the FMS will have a lower variety, the costs will be minimized and profits will be maximized. The lower variety is a very big motivation of moving ahead with an FMS now. The firm should be able to go from 15 to perhaps as low as 3. This shows a reduction of 12 in the variety. This variety reduction will create more room for an extra production. The firm will be able to expand its production by perhaps four times. It means that the efficiency of the firm will increase by moving ahead with the FMS now. Moving ahead with the FMS now is also associated with a reduction in the floor space from 20,000 square feet to about 6,000 square feet. This shows a reduction by 6,000 square feet. Any organization strives to have a suitable space to carry out its operations. A suitable space will reduce the congestions within the organization. Congestions are associated with various disadvantages. Also, moving ahead with the FMS now will also be associated with the through put of orders improving with the processing of the family parts in1 or 2 days rather than 7 to 10. This shows a good processing efficiency. If orders are processing very fast, it will

Case Study on the Feasibility of a new venture Essay

Case Study on the Feasibility of a new venture - Essay Example The initial success of the Cool Moose Creamery in Ontario should be studied for comparison purposes prior to the financial commitment of a franchise investment. Of considerable interest is the notion of whether the initial location of the first business contributed to its success? Moreover, what were the location factors that contributed to the success of the first business? A common refrain in real estate is location, location and location again. This maxim, of course, is not only limited to home prices. Consideration must be given to visibility and accessibility. Obviously, a highly visible location along an extremely busy thoroughfare where the eyes of all passer-bys will be drawn to your sign, thus, making business almost ideal. In a highly competitive business environment, start-ups may find these prime locations already long occupied by established players. There are still options for the establishment of a new business or franchise: buying out an unsuccessful business in an ot herwise useful location or appropriating a property as close as one can get to prime real estate, yet on the fringes. In this case a choice made here could prove to be influential with respect to every other subsequent factor. If a prime location for your franchise of Cool Moose Creamery can be determined, and is theoretically available then, as with most other material decisions, the cost/benefit analysis must come into play. It may be possible to purchase or lease a property in a highly visible location, but this cost must be weighed against future earnings. There must be a sense of the likely revenue within a particular time frame, as well as one should realize how high the benefits of visibility might be depending on a prime location. Even if the money does not come directly out of pocket, such as it is in the case with the $20,000 bank loan that must be sought, too much capital invested in the initial start up could lead to more debt, or more complex financing arrangements that could make the business more trouble than profit. These factors are never easy to predict, but the small business owner must do the best he can while examining – whenever possible examples of similar businesses, and the local operations in similar situations as guides for cost and profitability. Other factors that will influence the success of any franchise may be forces less visible and tangible than location or the initial equipment that must be purchased. Local zoning ordinances must also be taken into account, with respect to both above board and clandestine forces. Even if the zoning regulations and requirements are obeyed with precision, investigation is warranted concerning under-the-table problems or restrictions. Have other business owners complained about a particular individual in city government with control over regulatory decisions that might impede small businesses? Could there be zoning ordinances that have unusual sub-clauses or interpretations that are not obvious at cursory examination but which prove surprisingly problematic after an investment has begun? Question such as these can only be addressed through word-of-mouth, largely from anecdotal accounts, and of course – prior personal experience. This leads the small business owner into the complex question of a financial 'cushion'. One must consider whether it is possible, or feasible to determine minimum initial start up money, and then wait until it is possible to acquire extra funding held in reserve

Using Talk for Learning in the Primary School

Using Talk for Learning in the Primary School Historically, talk was discouraged in a classroom.  It was a place for the teacher to give instructions and the class simply to  listen. However, the use of talk for learning has been studied in recent years, indicating that it can in fact be constructive. In this study, I explored how talk could be used for two particular purposes. Firstly, as a tool to optimise childrens learning in a classroom environment; secondly, for a teacher to assess the childrens understanding by listening to the childrens talk in return. Alexander (2008: p.93) states, If children need talk in order to learn about the world, teachers need talk in order to learn about children.   My theory was that talk is not the obstruction to learning that it was considered in the past, but rather a powerful tool in the classroom. I believed that teachers could use talk constructively in order for children to gain a deeper understanding of the material presented to them. To investigate how to use talk in the classroom effectively, I looked at past research and conducted my own observations and investigations during a four week placement. This will help me to develop my own teaching techniques in the future. I conducted this study at a Grade 2 Leicester city school with nearly 400 children on roll, aged from 4 to 11. The pupils within the school were mostly from minority ethnic backgrounds, predominantly Asian and Asian British and speaking English as a second language (Ofsted, 2009).   I was based with 27 children in one of two Year 3 classes. Literature Review It is only during the last 40 years or so that the quantity and quality of talk in the classroom has been studied and evaluated. A key concern is that constructive talk in the classroom is still underused (Alexander, 2008: p.92). The Primary National Strategy which was introduced in 2003 barely touches upon talk at all (DfES, 2003a cited in Cambridge Primary Review, 2009: p.15) and as a result teachers are left with little advice on how to use talk effectively for learning. This isnt the case elsewhere in Europe. Alexander (2008: p.99) reported that in France dialogue has a much greater emphasis in the classroom. He noted that good skills in speech, reasoning and the ability to argue would identify an educated person in France, whereas in Britain good readers and writers are valued higher in society. Despite this emphasis on reading and writing skills in Britain, the Confederation of British Industry reported in 2006 that spelling and grammar skills are of a low standard (Alexander, 2008: p.99). The National Curriculum requires children to read from age five, but Sage (2000: p.135) thinks that children are sometimes being required to read before they have developed the necessary language and communication skills to read with comprehension. The National Strategies argue that talk is an acquired skill rather than one that can be taught (Alexander, 2008: p.100), but this does not mean that the teacher cannot support childrens talk development. Language can be modelled and encouraged in the classroom and this would particularly benefit children with English as a second language, where it may not be spoken or supported effectively at home. Alexander (2008), cited in Mercer and Hodgkinson (2008: p.105), gave five principles to outline the key features of dialogic teaching, all of which can encourage classroom talk and increase these language and communication skills. The first three principles were teaching must be collective, reciprocal and cumulative. To achieve this, the teachers and children must learn together as a group, share ideas and build on the ideas of their peers as well as their own. The fourth principle was the teachers plan must be purposeful with particular learning objectives, a matter that is now generally used in every lesson. Finally, Alexander (2008: p.185) emphasised the importance of a supportive learning environment; children should be able to express ideas without the worry of being embarrassed if they give what the teacher sees as an unsatisfactory response. Alexander (2003, 2004b), cited in Alexander (2008: pp. 115-116), found that following a period of dialogic teaching, children answered questions with more clarity and confidence, listened better, thought aloud more and were more helpful and respectful to their peers. Furthermore, following the increase in talk, the childrens skills in reading and writing showed improvement, especially the less able. This supports Sages theory that language is essential for literacy. However, Smith et al. (2004 cited in Alexander, 2008: p.108) found that, in the classes they studied, childrens answers only lasted an average of five seconds and in 70% of occasions were limited to a maximum of three words. This indicates that dialogic teaching is not being widely used. Question-answer methods are more commonly used, aiming to develop understanding, improve recall and encourage imagination (Sage, 2000: p.64). Questions encourage children to verbalise their thoughts (Van Ments, 1990: p.77), which can provide the vital link between language, reading and writing. Questioning techniques are popular because they enable the teacher not only to control the use and context of talk, but to also gauge the childrens level of understanding, knowledge and creativity. Questions allow for another perspective to be added and misconceptions to be corrected immediately, making them more accessible than written comments, which can easily be ignored. However, Barnes (1976/1992, cited in Barnes 2008: p.6) noted the difficulty in teachers gaining a full understanding of a childs thinking by relying on short answers to questions. Thus, although questioning provides an immediate way of informally assessing the children and giving feedback, it can be a vague and narrow minded approach to assessing a childs ability, so it should be used alongside other methods. In England, open questions are generally thought of as preferable; children think through the answers themselves rather than merely repeating a teachers pre-determined answer. However, teachers still tend to ask a large proportion of closed questions (Barnes et al, 1986, Alexander, 1992; both cited in Myhill and Dunkin, 2005: p.416). Myhill et al. (2006: p.72) used a complex model, creating four categories of questions; process, procedural, factual and speculative. We may generally think of factual questions as closed and speculative as open. They found that the majority (60%) of questions asked by teachers were factual. Sometimes closed questions are preferable. Sullivan (1992) found that using open questions to teach mathematics had no advantage. This may be due to the extremely factual nature of mathematics, with a right or wrong answer which is not negotiable. Open questions are more effective when the child can use their personal experiences and ideas to extend their understanding. Barnes (1976/1992, cited in Barnes 2008: pp.5-7) constructivist approach divides talk into exploratory and presentational. Exploratory talk defines the child verbalising ideas, taking others contributions into account and ordering these to develop their own understanding. Open questions can encourage children to use exploratory talk. Presentational talk takes the audience into account and happens frequently when children recall information, allowing the teacher to assess their knowledge (Barnes, 2008: p.6), thus the teacher can ask closed questions to encourage presentational talk. Barnes believed a child should have the opportunity to order their ideas through exploratory talk before being asked to present them through presentational talk (Barnes, 2008: p.7). In the classroom both talk types are vital, but teachers must use them appropriately by being aware of the benefits of both; many teachers dont give children enough time to grasp new ideas through exploratory talk before using presentational talk (Barnes, 2008: p.7). Children need time to talk, develop and share before they can gain a firm understanding (Barnes, 2008: p.2). Piaget understood the importance of exploratory talk. He believed that a childs intelligence is based on their interactions with their environment and their commitment to develop their own understanding (Mercer and Littleton, 2007: p.8-9). Piaget believed that every child has a schema an understanding of the world around them. Exploratory talk supports new knowledge and experiences to be either assimilated if they fit a childs existing schema, or accommodated if the schema must be changed corresponding to the new information (Piaget and Inhelder, 1969). Piaget labelled the teacher simply as the assessor and provider to give children these facilities to learn actively (Moore, 2000: p.13). Group work provides children with this opportunity, since it allows the children to self-discover and share their ideas with one another. Piaget believed that children worked most efficiently when grouped into similar stages of development. Children are less likely to be intimidated if placed with others of a similar ability, encouraging them to talk through their ideas together. Vygotskys theory contradicts this. He named the bridge between a childs current level of knowledge and their potential level the Zone of Proximal Development and described the support given to reach this potential level as scaffolding (Mercer and Littleton, 2007; pp.14-15). Due to the structured and guided nature of scaffolding, Vygotsky believed that dialogue worked best when children were guided by an adult or a child of a higher level of knowledge. Methods and Procedure My investigation was based on two science tasks on floating and sinking, a topic in which the children had very little prior knowledge. The same four children attended two twenty minute sessions and my aim was to develop their knowledge on why objects float or sink (see Appendices A and B for lesson plans). I planned the tasks after observing the teacher and children in a wide range of subjects (Appendices C and D) to gain an understanding of the teachers practices and record how talk was used in the classroom. I particularly observed the types of questions the teacher used, the use of exploratory and presentational talk, how the children were grouped together and the use of dialogic teaching, to see their influence on the childrens learning and the teachers assessment opportunities. Reflecting upon the effectiveness of these methods influenced my own lessons within the class (Appendix E). I used a lot of talk within these lessons, so the post-lesson evaluations (Appendix F) allowed me to observe which talk methods were the most effective, which in turn influenced my science task plans. My TE1 partner observed and took notes of the discussion and activities during these tasks (Appendix G). Worksheets also allowed me to record the childrens ideas (Appendices H and I). The first science task was to assess the childrens initial understanding of floating and sinking. I documented the general misconceptions that were stated during this session (Appendix J). The second science task, influenced by these misconceptions, provided the children with experiences aimed to develop their understanding. Analysis and Interpretation of Evidence I analysed the areas of dialogic teaching, exploratory talk, questioning and ability grouping with relation to talk for learning and assessment. Dialogic Teaching Alexanders dialogic teaching principles were all present in an observed lesson (Appendix C). The children were sat on the carpet for the starter, sharing and developing their ideas. The teacher had a specific learning objective and used questions to structure the lesson and assess the childrens understanding. This technique was successful in forcing the children to think for themselves and vocalise their ideas aloud, so that their ideas could be shared and developed together. Using talk in the classroom allowed the children to gain a deeper understanding, as misconceptions could be discussed and good contributions verbally rewarded, which encouraged the children to carefully think through their answers. Dialogic talk kept the children engaged, whereas in lessons that did not include much dialogic talk, I observed that the children tended to lose interest sooner, suggesting that talk can aid concentration. Aspects of dialogic teaching were present in all lessons but not necessarily all five principles, supporting previous research which indicates that dialogic teaching is not widely used (Smith et al, 2004). The lessons always had a purposeful plan and usually incorporated a collective approach, for example via class discussions. However, the other three aspects (reciprocal, cumulative and a supportive environment) were not always present; children didnt always have the opportunity to share and develop ideas together and the teacher often expected a certain answer, which resulted in many children not being confident enough to answer in case they were wrong. Shy children and those of a lower ability struggled more in these lessons, possibly due to a lack of structured idea sharing. Appendix K shows the work of a less able child during a literacy lesson before and after dialogue; the improvement of her writing after using talk based on dialogic teaching is astounding. This supports Alexanders (2008) findings; the writing of less able children improved following dialogic teaching. Thus, Alexanders principles of dialogic teaching are all important and dictate how talk can be used constructively to create a positive learning environment. I included dialogic teaching myself within my tasks. I used talk to assess the childrens knowledge, develop their understanding and encourage them to share their ideas without being intimidating; the children had time to express and develop their ideas, or expand on their peers ideas. They gave long answers, such as I was surprised that the wooden cube floated because I thought it would sink because of its shape. This contradicts Smith et al.s (2004) research, which found that 70% of answers didnt exceed three words. The children added to each others ideas politely and seemed genuinely interested in the opinions of others. For example, when one child stated that wood sank, another pointed out that in a film they had recently watched as a class, the boat was made from wood and floated. The first child then admitted that this was true; this new insight allowed them to assimilate this new concept into their schema. Without conversation different perspectives like this, which can be the link to understanding, might be lost. Exploratory Talk Within the observed science lesson the teacher set up an experiment. A lot of exploratory talk was encouraged (Appendix C) before the children made their own predictions. During the follow up lesson, the experiment was completed; the children used presentational talk to explain the results. This allocation of talk types worked well, supporting Barness (2008: p.7) theory that giving children time for exploratory talk is favourable, allowing them to gather their ideas before expressing their conclusions using presentational talk. I found exploratory talk to be very beneficial in my second science task to encourage self-discovery. I found that the childrens talk didnt always flow fluently, but as Barnes (2008: p.4) observed, exploratory talk is hesitant and incomplete because it enables the speaker to try out ideas, to hear how they sound, to see what others make of them, to arrange information and ideas into different patterns. Using exploratory talk allowed the children to express opinions and consider everyones experiences, thus gaining a deep understanding of the topic. Questioning My findings extend the research of Barnes et al (1986), Alexander (1992) and Myhill at al (2006), who found closed questions were dominant in the classroom overall. I found that in numeracy and some foundation subjects, closed questions were dominant; they simply follow the facts, e.g. What is half of 50? According to Sullivan, although open questions are generally preferable, they have no advantage in numeracy. However, within literacy and science most questions were open, e.g. Why do you think the egg will disappear? (Appendix C). The children were encouraged to refer to their own experiences and ideas to construct their own predictions. Therefore, the dominant question type depended on the subject. I found open questions to be an advantage in my science task; children were encouraged to provide and develop their own original ideas, e.g. Why did you think the cork will float? Soon the children offered developed ideas without encouragement, e.g. I think the cork will float because it is made from wood. Open questions allowed me to model responses until children expanded their answers naturally. Ability Grouping The groupings I saw generally supported Piagets approach of ability grouping, which is common practice across the UK. Numeracy consisted of two ability groups and lower ability children were often grouped together in literacy. I found this approach preferable to encourage peer talk within a familiar topic, since they were not intimidated to discuss their ideas. Vygotskys approach of putting a learner with someone of a higher level of knowledge was rarely used on a peer level. It concentrates on developing the skills of the lower ability child and is of little aid to the higher ability child. However, this scaffolding was present in adult-child teaching, for example an autistic child had a teaching assistant someone of higher ability who supported his development. It was a very effective method, but this level of personalised teaching is too time-consuming and impractical to use on every child. My science task consisted of both the children developing their ideas together (similar ability teaching) and myself aiding them (higher ability teaching). I found that when I wasnt controlling the discussion the children were very enthusiastic share ideas, but often presented inaccurate ideas to one another as facts. Therefore, I needed to step in to avoid the children sharing their misconceptions. The children were more relaxed by having no input from someone of a higher ability, but I found that this method did not work in this case. This may have been because it was a new topic; therefore the children had little experience to call upon. Validity I have based this study on a series of observations within a wide range of subjects to gain a thorough insight into talk for learning within a particular class. However, I concentrated on one teacher, one class and my science task was based on only four children. Therefore, my conclusions assume that other classes would act similarly. On the other hand, my findings are often supported by other studies which have used a larger test sample. These studies increase the validity of my own findings. Conclusion of Findings Dialogic Teaching Dialogic teaching is very effective when encouraging new and creative ideas. It builds confidence, as the children are encouraged not to rely too heavily on their teacher, but to be in charge of their own learning. Children can share ideas, develop their own, improve their communication skills and the teacher can assess the childrens talk content. I found that dialogic talk improved childrens imagination and understanding. My research supported Alexanders (2003, 2004b) findings that dialogic teaching encourages children to answer questions confidently and clearly and listen respectfully to their peers. Using dialogic teaching also allowed me to assess the children quickly and subtly. Children who needed extra help could be identified before the main activity if dialogic talk is used during the lesson starter. Exploratory Talk I found that it is good practice to give children time for exploratory talk when starting a new topic, to discuss and develop ideas in an informal setting. Only when children have personally ordered these ideas should presentational talk be introduced. Exploratory talk allows new concepts to be assimilated or accommodated into the childs existing schema. Questioning I think open questions are vital to encourage children to think for themselves, allowing the children to achieve a deeper understanding. However, closed questions are appropriate in factual based subjects such as maths, since there is not much room for opinion. Questioning can gauge the general understanding of the class and encourage the children to share and develop their ideas. Individual knowledge can be assessed and immediate feedback given. However, as Barnes (1976/1992) notes, it is difficult to gain a deep understanding of individuals knowledge, so questioning should be used alongside other methods. Ability Grouping Placing children with someone of a higher ability was preferable when developing a new concept, to avoid misconceptions being shared and amplified. However, ability grouping was best to encourage talk when the children were applying and developing their understanding, since the children could discuss their work at the same level and without being intimidated. Conclusion of Investigation Focusing on specific areas of classroom talk allowed me to produce a focused analysis. My study was carefully planned, based on my areas of focus and observations of existing practice to analyse the use of talk for learning. I compared my findings to those of existing studies, drawing links between my literature review and my own research to increase validity. The small test sizes within this investigation may have negatively affected my results. For example, I found dialogic teaching effective, stating that the children were comfortable in expressing their ideas. However, the small group size might have created a less intimidating environment and in fact be the cause to the effect, rather than dialogic teaching itself. My observations were based on the same class, so discrepancies in location, age and teaching will not have been picked up. Therefore, to improve the accuracy and validity of my results, I would have to look at a wider range of schools and age groups. Overall, by developing my investigation in a structured and focused manner, I gained a well rounded insight into the best ways of using talk for learning, which I will apply in my own teaching. (Word Count: 3500) Referencing Alexander, R. 2008: Essays on Pedagogy. London, UK: Routledge. Alexander, R. 2008: Culture, Dialogue and Learning: Notes on an Emerging Pedagogy. In Mercer N. and Hodgkinson S. (ed.). Exploring Talk in School. London, UK: Sage Publications, pp.91-114. Barnes, D. 2008: Exploratory Talk for Learning. In Mercer N. and Hodgkinson S. (ed.). Exploring Talk in School. London, UK: Sage Publications, pp.1-15. Cambridge Primary Review. 2009: Towards a new Primary Curriculum. Accessed 27/10/10: www.primaryreview.org.uk/Downloads/Curriculum_report/CPR_Curric_rep_Pt1_Past_Present.pdf Mercer, N. and Littleton, K. 2007: Chapter 2 How Does Interaction Help Learning and Development? in Dialogue and the Development of Childrens Thinking: A Sociocultural Approach. London, UK: Routledge, pp.8-23. Myhill, D. and Dunkin, F. 2005: Questioning Learning. UK: University of Exeter, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp.415-428. Accessed 10/12/10: http://eric.exeter.ac.uk/exeter/bitstream/10036/15292/1/MyhillDunkinQuestioningLearning.pdf Myhill, D. et al. 2006: Chapter 4 Questioning and Learning in Talking, Listening, Learning: Effective Talk in the Primary Classroom. Maidenhead: Open University Press, pp.68 -84. Ofsted (2009) Section 5 Inspection. Accessed 05/12/10: http://www.ofsted.gov.uk Sage, Rosemary. 2000: Class Talk: Successful Learning Through Effective Communication. Stafford, UK: Network Educational Press Ltd. Sullivan, P. 1992: Using Open Questions For Teaching: A Classroom Experiment. Victoria, Australia: Australian Catholic University. Accessed 17/11/10: www.merga.net.au/documents/RP_Sullivan_1992.pdf Van Ments, Morry. 1990: Active Talk: The Effective Use of Discussion in Learning. London, UK: Kogan Page Limited. Jones, P. 1988: Lipservice: The Story of Talk in School. Milton Keynes, England: Open University Press. Sharp, E. 2005: Learning Through Talk in the Early Years Practical Activities for the Classroom. London, UK: Paul Chapman Publishing, A SAGE Publications Company. Moore, A. 2000: Teaching and learning: pedagogy, curriculum and culture. London, UK: RoutledgeFalmer.

The Reality Of Bertrandes Innocence Essay -- essays research papers

It seems as though in today’s society, suspicion lies in every corner. No one trusts anyone anymore, everyone lies, everyone steals, everyone pretends to be someone they are not. However true or false these statements might be, there is a need in today’s society to be able to explain everything, coming up with every possible lie or predicament within every story. Natalie Davis is from today’s society, and once again, she has found the need to investigate Bertrande Guerre’s role within The Return of Martin Guerre. The only pieces of evidence that are reliable come from Jean de Coras, the main judge in the trial. However, Davis seems to have ignored his findings, and founded her own. For most of her points, there is no written evidence to back her up. She simply read and interpreted the story, as many historians must do to come up with plausible reasons for things; however, she interpreted the evidence incorrectly. This impostor known as Arnaud du Tilh, who played a husband, father, friend, nephew and brother for three years, deceived an entire town. However, Davis has chosen Bertrande Guerre as a co-conspirator, with little grounds to base her conclusion upon. Therefore, I still have found that Bertrande Guerre truly believed that Arnaud du Tilh was her husband, making her an unknowing player in the entire charade.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Natalie Davis made the point that Bertrande must have known that the new Martin was an impostor due to their sexual relationship and the differences therein (110). However, this point is hard to believe due to the fact that Bertrande and Martin were married for nine years without having intercourse, and when they finally did, it was in order to conceive their future son, Sanxi (Finlay, 558). Only a few months after Sanxi was born, Martin disappeared for over eight years, which is a long time for a woman to remember the specific details of a sexual relationship that couldn’t have lasted for more than a few months (Finlay, 558). Even if Bertrande had noticed a difference in the sexual relationship, she would have doubted her recollections, not having any kind of proof or true memories of those sexual experiences (Finlay, 558). This â€Å"new Martin† could have also become more sexually experienced while soldiering, explaining his newfound confidence (Finlay, 558).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The two men seemed to have com... ...wn, Natalie Davis made up a tale of what happened, ignoring the actual story that had been recorded by one of the lead characters who was there at the time, Jean de Coras. While her points had good merit, there was little evidence besides her opinion and suspicion that backed her up. Bertrande de Rols was deceived by this man, just as everyone else was. Whether she enjoyed her time spent with Arnaud is not important, it is whether or not she was fooled. While there were many who were suspicious, and many who were uncertain of Bertrande’s innocence, there was not a majority that truly believed she was a co-conspirator. She was not proven guilty by Jean de Coras nor was no proven guilty by the townspeople. The townspeople had fallen for Arnaud’s acting, and it is certain that Bertrande had fallen for it as well. And as each of these people would say, Arnaud was a wonderful actor, who was educated in Martin’s life and the people within it. Stories such as these are reminders as to why history is not always objective, and that historians have the right to interpret it in any way that they choose. However, a good historian will always have his critic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Oligopoly (Economics) Essay

1) Oligopoly is when a particular market is controlled by a small group of firms. For example supermarkets, there are three (there usually exist three companies) companies which dominate the market, Wong and Metro, Santa Isabel and Plaza Vea, and Tottus. The main assumptions that economists make when talking about a situation of Oligopoly are various; three or four large companies dominate the industry, but small companies do exist (smaller companies in the recent example would be for example â€Å"Arakaki†, a sole trader company); firms are interdependent, al will watch what the competitors do and act accordingly (when Wong created the â€Å"Bonus† card, it did not even passed a week when Santa Isabel created the â€Å"Mà ¡s Mà ¡s† card); the existence of the kinked demand curve (which we will see what it is on question b); there are barriers to entry, this means it is difficult for other firms to enter the industry; non price competition, as companies cannot compete by prices, therefore they have to compete with the service they offer (for example the â€Å"Bonus† and the â€Å"Mà ¡s Mà ¡s† cards); the oligopoly must be collusive (collusion), this means when the companies, which dominate, work together to maintain very high prices at the expense of the consumer (for example Umbro and Adidas, sell football shirts at very high prices, as a Manchester United shirt costs approximately $50), companies which work together to maintain high prices should be fined, as it is illegal. Advertising is also essential to maintain a high profit and market share, and also something very important, which is to develop brand loyalty (for example, once I began to buy â€Å"Sony† electro domestics, I begin to have a brand loyalty, as I never had a single problem with them). 2) The causes of price stability (when prices are stable, without any change) existing in a situation of Oligopoly are two. The first reason is due to the shapes of the Demand curve (AR). Putting an example of gasoline stations, if there are three companies in this market (Shell, Texaco and Mobil), and if one company, for example shell, decides to increase its prices, no other company will follow, and its sales will decrease by a lot (there will be no incentive for companies to increase prices as consumers have other companies to buy gasoline from, therefore it is elastic as there has been a small change in price but a big change in demand). A company will also not lower its prices because all other companies in the industry will do the same (as people will go to where prices are lower), and there will be very few benefits, also profits will decrease, as sales increase by only a small amount (there has been a big change in price but a small change in demand, therefore inelastic). Firms will leave the price unchanged, and the firms will have to use other objects to compete with each other, this includes product differentiation through advertising and innovation. The price elasticity of demand looks at the responsiveness of QD to a change in price. It is better for companies to therefore use the same price and find other ways of increasing their sales, for example to use non price competition in order to increase sales. â€Å"The solution concludes that there is a determinant and stable price-quantity equilibrium that varies according to the number of sellers. In effect each firm makes assumptions about its rival’s output. Adjustment or reaction follows reaction until each firm successfully guesses the correct output of its rivals†. The second reason of price stability in Oligopoly is, if a company maximises its profits where MC=MR, therefore the point where this two curves cross will give us the price and the quantity the company should provide. The marginal revenue curve is not continuous, as it has a very big gap in it, this is called the â€Å"Region of Indeterminacy†, and the MC curve can pass through any part of this region, this gap in the MR curve, allows MC to vary without affecting either final price or quantity. For prices to change, costs would need to rise above MC†.

The Evolution Vs. Creationism Conflict Essays - Creationism

The Evolution Vs. Creationism Conflict Essays - Creationism The Evolution Vs. Creationism Conflict (This is an inquiry that I wrote for a high school composition class - use it for reference, but I wouldn't recommend or appreciate it being submitted into a proffesor.) The merits of the arguments between the theory of evolution and the belief in creationism is a topic that has bestirred an interest in me for several years. I think that most people have an opinion on the topic or are trying to form one. An example of this is the Christian fish that emphasizes a creationist view found on the back of many cars. In contradiction, there is a growing response to this emblem by people who publicize their evolutionist views by posting a fish with Darwin written on the inside and feet on the bottom. This strikes me as an interesting controversy that everyone can and should know more about. I have acquired basic opinions on the topic that have come from both viewpoints which leaves me with the struggle of establishing my own belief. Sources that have influenced me before I began investigating the topic include Christian religion, school, my parents, media, and my peers. When I began investigating the subject, I found extensive information full of particular evidence. However, the viewpoints are generally conservative and are strictly either for evolution or for creationism. This inquiry will hopefully illustrate an overview of the ongoing debate. Most people view the theory of evolution as being a feasible explanation of how life became what is today. Evolution is a theory that the various organisms are descended from others that lived in earlier times and that the differences are due to inherited changes that occurred over many generations. It must be realized that evolution is a theory and cannot be considered a fact. Even though its roots are from Greek anatomists, the theory of evolution came to light in 1859 when Charles Darwin published his book The Origin of Species, which dealt with natural selection. Since then, scientists have been continually searching for proof for the theory through research and experimentation. Some of the topics that are associated with proving the theory are fossil records, carbon-14 dating, and DNA testing. These are also noted as part of phylogenetic systematics, which is the term used for classifying and understanding the relationships and history among species of the past and present. Natu ral selection, or survival of the fittest, is the mechanics of evolution. Natural selection deals with the dying of weaker offspring of an organism, and the survival of the stronger offspring. When a strong organism survives, its dominent genes are passed on to its offspring. Over time, these genes will lead to mutations, which allow a species to adapt as they slowly move to different environments or other natural change. This is a broad interpretation of how evolutionists explain, for instance, sea creatures becoming land creatures. Evolutionists believe that life began on earth when chemicals combined to produce the first cell. Throughout the course of millions of years, single cell organisms arose to life as it known today. Fundamentally, evolution is based on scientific reasoning and experimentation. As with most sciences, inaccuracies do occur through new discoveries and the theory of evolution must be rethought. Creationism deals with the theory that the world was created in a brief amount of time by a higher being. Creationism has been the way humans explain the making of the earth and the inhabitants on it for thousands of years. This has been depicted through ancient hieroglyphs, stories, and popular mythology. Although almost every culture, ethnicity, and religion that has ever believed in a higher being has its own creation story, I will be focusing on the popular fundamentalist Christian version. These creationists believe that the entire cosmos, the Earth and all its creatures, were created by God in six days between 5,000 and 10,000 years ago as described in the old testament's book of Genesis. They believe that geological records were laid down as a result of a worldwide flood. Most creationists disagree with a majority of the scientific theories used to prove evolution. They believe that life was presented all at once in nearly the same complex forms that are seen today. That

Magellan essays

Magellan essays In Sabrosa Portugal, Spring of 1480 a great man was born. His name was Ferdinand Magellan. Magellan was the son of a nobleman. His mothers name was Alda Magalhaes. He also had a sister Isabel Magalhaes and a brother Diogo Magalhaes. As a boy he served as a page to the Portuguese Queen. He joined the army as a young man and spent 7 years as a soldier in India and the East Indies. Magellan was also married to Betriz Barbosa and had a son Rodrigo Barbosa, before he attempted the following. Some time in 1519, when Magellan was about 39 years old he decided to try to sail around the world. He first asked the king of Portugal who had doubts but told him he was free to offer his services elsewhere. So Magellan asked the King and Queen of Spain who was King Charles 1st and the Queen. Impressed by his proposal they agreed to sponsor his trip. They gave Magellan five ships. The Trinidad, San Antonio, Conception, Victoria, and the Santiago along with 270 men. They left Spain on September 20, 1519 and set out across the Atlantic and then turned south along the coast of South America. As they continued south the weather grew more stormier and bitter. And tempers of crew members got worse. Magellan had to execute one captain. They had to spend the winter on the coast near the tip of South America repairing boats. They set sail again in the spring. Magellan found what he was looking for, a strait. Which is now named after him, The Magellan Strait. Before sailing through it the crew stocked up on dried fish and smoked game. Then headed through the strait and into what he named the Pacific Ocean. After four and a half months, sailors almost dead, they finally reached inlands in which they called the Philippines. Magellan converted a chief to Catholic faith. Magellan became involved in a local war. Trying to show how strong Spain was , Magellan was killed by Mactan Ruler, Lapu Lapu, on April 27, 1...

FTA Between Korea and U.S Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

FTA Between Korea and U.S - Research Paper Example   The key proposal of this convention is to double America’s exports in five years under the president’s National Export Initiative. This initiative hopes to double these figures by lowering Korean prices and tariff-rate shares on merchandise only (USTR n.d.). According to the United States International Trade Commission, this decrease alone would contribute between $10 and $12 billion dollars yearly to the American GDP. At the same time, this reduction would contribute $11 billion yearly in goods exports to South Korea. KORUS estimates that more than 95% of the two-sided trade in consumer and manufacturing goods would turn into tariff-free business within half a decade since its approval (Manyin 1). In addition, the agreement would get rid of outstanding duties within a decade. KORUS further proposes the instant removal or phasing out of duties and shares on a wide variety of merchandise. This proposal means that nearly 66%, in terms of value, of South Korea’s farm imports from the United States would turn into tariff-free goods. Other industries that benefit from this drastic reduction in tariffs on American exports are manufacturing, automobile, financial products, and ecological initiatives (TRADE.gov n.d.). The agreement also proposes the opening of South Korea’s $560 billion services market to very competitive American firms. This proposition is geared towards offering employment opportunities for American employees in industries such as distribution, communications, education, and healthcare.

Financial Analysis of Kellogg's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Financial Analysis of Kellogg's - Essay Example It adds to the impression of the customers as to how well they're doing and at the same time gives challenge to its competitors. This section roughly discusses the financial performance in a six-year time (2000-2005). At a particular year, 2001, Kellogg Company released its own financial analysis of that year giving explanations and answers to the growth in the proceeding years. An apparent growth has been observed right from 2000 to 2005 in Kellogg's financial performance. Comparisons are often useful within a company to become aware of changes in financial relationships and significant trends. In the Intracompany Basis, a comparison of current year's cash amount with the prior year's cash amount shows either an increase or decrease. And within the span of 6 years (2000-2005), it is very useful to compare such cash amount from the first year (i.e. 2000) compared to the last year of comparison (i.e. 2005). Cash amount gained or lost may vary from 2000-2005. The proportion of total assets in the form of cash can be shown through a comparison of Kellogg's year-end cash amount with the amount total assets at year-end. Furthermore, in order to provide insight into Kellogg's competitive position, it is also practical to compare it with other companies. Correspondingly, Kellogg's total sales for the year can be compared with the total sales of its competitors such as Quaker Oats and General Mills which both obviously competes in the market. Taken as a whole, comparisons with industry averages will provide information about Kellogg's relative position within the industry. Then, Kellogg's financial data can be compared with the averages for its industry compiled by financial ratings organizations such as Dun & Bradstreet, Moody's, and Standard & Poor's. Kellogg's 2000 Financial Analysis In 2000, Kellogg Company achieved growth in net earnings and earnings per share, excluding charges, despite softness in the Company's U.S. convenience foods business, higher energy prices and interest rates, weak foreign currencies, and inventory write-offs in Southeast Asia. Through manufacturing efficiencies, reduced advertising and overhead expenses, and recognition of benefits related to U.S. tax credits, the Company was able to withstand despite such factors. 2000 1999 1998 Net earnings $597.7 $339.3 $502.6 Net earnings per share $1.45 $0.83 $1.23 Due to the previously stated factors or charges, there are exclusions from the results of operations in the following sections for purposes of comparison between years. The year 2000 and 1999 have been compared excluding charges, net earnings and earnings per share in the below table: 2000 1999 Charge Net earnings $651.9 $606.2 +7.5% Net earnings per share $1.61 $1.50 +7.3% The full-year increase in earnings per share of $0.11 consisted of $0.02 from business growth and $0.11 from favorable tax-rate movements, partially offset by $0.02 from unfavorable foreign currency movements. Kellogg's Company then continued to lead the global ready-to-eat cereal category in 2000 with an estimated 38% annualized share of worldwide dollar sales. Category share for the Company's operating segments was approximately 31% in the United States, 43% in Europe, 60% in Latin America, 45% in Canada, 57% in Australia, and 50% in Asia. The growth achieved by Kellogg's Company by the end of 2000

Organizational Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Organizational Analysis - Essay Example Moreover, there are select Nordstrom stores that have furnishing and wedding departments and it is known as one of the most popular fashionable stores in the United States. Nordstrom Inc Company is big in size and has a variety of operating stores in different states. It has 252 stores which function in 34 states which consist of 117 full line stores and 132 Nordstrom Racks (Spector and McCarthy, 2012). The Nordstrom Company has future plans of opening 5 stores in Canada by 2014. The company competes with a number of luxury retailers such as Marcus, Lord and Taylor, Saks Fifth Avenue, Bloomingdale’s, and Dillard’s are in competition with Nordstrom’s, but do not carry the same high quality merchandise (Spector and McCarthy, 2012). Nordstrom has the largest number of stores and the largest geographic footprint. All of these retailers offer items such as jewelry, cosmetics, perfume, clothing, shoes, and accessories. Nordstrom is rated as a chief department store in the United States. According to Spector and McCarthy (2012) Nordstrom’s mission statement values the prosperity that diversity contributes to the workforce; thus, efficient service to the clients (Spector and McCarthy, 1996). Nordstrom’s mission is all about supporting their employees in order to give their customers quality services. They are focused in providing outstanding services to their client in order to remain on top. They hire and train the best staff in order to realize their mission of provision of effective service at all times (Spector and McCarthy, 1996). They value both their clients and employees and that is why they will always remain on top of their competitors. The role of the HR in fostering the organization’s mission statement is by hiring qualified staff and equipping them with the right knowledge in order to serve their customers excellently (Spector, 2005). Moreover, the HR can also train the staff occasionally on how to handle their cli entele and treat them with due respect and this will create conducive environment for them to serve the clients well. Moreover, the HR should make sure that the Nordstrom employees are well paid and this will make them feel valued an appreciated and they will do their work of serving customers outstandingly. Nordstrom serves wealthy customers in the United States. It has a highly trained staff that provides customers with superior customer service that no other store can compete on their level. They strive to make every customer’s experience enjoyable and upscale, so that the customer feels as if they are treating themselves upon every visit to the store. Nordstrom’s stocks are inclined to be more fashionable and upscale for their exclusive customers. Nordstrom also offers exceptional delivery on products upon request from a customer. Nordstrom’s carries a wide-ranging inventory on its floor, offering choices for men, women, and children (Spector and McCarthy, 2 012). Nordstrom faces challenges just like other retailers face in the current retail climate. Their number one challenge would be the downturn in the economy particularly because Nordstrom sells high end products. Nonetheless, Nordstrom is able to meet this challenge head on by making a customer’s experience rousing and fashionable, so as the clients feel owned y the organization’s management (Spector, 2005). One big challenge being faced by Nordstrom is the economy. This is forcing the HR department